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DO-KHYI
(Tibetan Mastiff)
The beautiful subject of the
photos of the sig. Loaded Francisco
FCI-Standard N° 230 / 02. 04. 2004 / GB
ORIGIN : Tibet.
PATRONAGE : FCI.
DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 24.03.2004.
UTILIZATION : A companion, watch and guard dog.
CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. : Group 2 Pinscher and Schnauzer- Molossoid breeds- Swiss Mountain and Cattle Dogs and other breeds.
Section 2.2 Molossoid breeds, Mountain type.
Without working trial.
BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : The Tibetan Mastiff (Do Khyi) is an ancient working breed of the nomad herders of the Himalaya and a traditional guardian of the Tibetan monasteries. It has been surrounded by great myth since its first discovery in antiquity. From the mentioning by Aristoteles (384-322 b.C.) to the famous writings of Marco Polo, who went to Asia in 1271, all historical reports praise the natural strength and impressiveness of the Tibetan Mastiff- both physically and mentally. Even its bark has been described as a unique and highly treasured feature of the breed. Leading European cynologists of the past, like Martin and Youatt, Megnin, Beckmann, Siber as well as Strebel and Bylandt have intensively covered the Tibetan Mastiff, as they had been fascinated by its origin and function in the Tibetan culture. Some even considered the breed to be the very forefather of all large mountain and mastiff breeds. One of the first known Tibetan Mastiffs to reach Western shores was a male sent to Queen Victoria by Lord Hardinge (then Viceroy of India) in 1847. Later in the 1880s, Edward VII (then Prince of Wales) took two dogs back to England. An early recorded litter of Tibetan Mastiffs was born in 1898 in the Berlin Zoo.
GENERAL APPEARANCE : Powerful, heavy, well built, with good bone. Impressive; of solemn and earnest appearance. Combines majestic strength, robustness and endurance; fit to work in all climate conditions. Slow to mature, only reaching its best at 2-3 years in females and at least 4 years in males.
IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS :
- Skull measured from occiput to stop equal to muzzle from stop to end of nose but muzzle may be a little shorter.
- Body slightly longer than height at withers.
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BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Independent. Protective. Commands respect. Most loyal to his family and territory.
HEAD : Broad, heavy and strong. In adults a wrinkle may extend from above the eyes down to the corner of mouth.
CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : Large, very slightly rounded, with strongly pronounced occiput.
Stop : Well defined.
FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Broad, as dark as possible depending on coat colour, well opened nostrils.
Muzzle : Fairly broad, well filled and deep. End of muzzle square. Lips : Well developed and covering the underjaw.
Jaws/Teeth : Jaws strong with perfect, regular and complete scissor bite, i.e. upper incisors closely overlapping the lower incisors and set square to the jaws. Level bite acceptable. Dentition fits tightly.
Eyes : Medium size, any shade of brown and in accordance with coat colour, the darker the better. Set well apart, oval and slightly slanting. Eyelids tightly fitting the eyeball. Expression of dignity.
Ears : Medium size, triangular, pendant, set between the level of the skull and the eye, dropping forward and hanging close to head; carried forward when alert. Ear leathers covered with soft, short hair.
NECK : Strong, well muscled, arched. Not too much dewlap. Covered by thick upstanding mane, not so pronounced in bitches.
BODY : Strong.
Back : Straight, muscular.
Croup : Broad and rather flat.
Chest : Rather deep, of moderate breadth, with good spring of rib, to give heart-shaped ribcage. Brisket reaching to below elbows.
TAIL : Medium length. Set high on line with top of back, carried high, loosely curled over back, when dog alert or in motion; well feathered.
LIMBS
FOREQUARTERS : Straight, well angulated, well covered all over with strong hair.
Shoulders : Well laid, muscular.
Elbows : Neither turned in nor out.
Forearms : Straight. Strong bone.
Metacarpus (Pasterns) : Strong, slightly sloping.
HINDQUARTERS : Powerful, muscular, with good angulation. Seen from GO BACK TO LIST, hindlegs parallel.
Upper thigh : Rather long; strong, with good hard muscles, but not bulging.
Stifle : Well bent
Hock : Strong, low set.
Dewclaws optional.
FEET : Fairly large, strong, round and compact, with good feathering between well-arched toes.
GAIT / MOVEMENT : Powerful, but always light and elastic: with good reach and drive. When speed increases tends to single track. When walking appears very deliberate. Capable of functioning over a varied terrain with stamina and suppleness.
COAT
HAIR : Quality of greater importance than quantity. Coat harsh, thick, top coat not too long, with dense and rather wolly undercoat in cold weather which becomes rather sparse in warmer months. Males carry noticeably more coat than females. Hair fine but harsh, straight and off-standing. Never silky, curly or wavy. Neck and shoulders heavily coated, giving mane-like appearance. Tail bushy and well feathered; hindlegs well feathered on upper rear parts.
COLOUR : Rich black, with or without tan marking; blue, with or without tan markings; gold, from rich fawn to deep red, sable. All colours to be as pure as possible. Tan ranges from a rich chestnut to a lighter colour. White star on breast permissible. Minimal white markings on feet acceptable. Tan markings appear above eyes, on lower part of legs and underside of tail. Tan markings on muzzle; spectacle markings tolerated around eyes.
SIZE :
Height at the withers : Dogs : 66 cm (26 ins) minimum,.
Bitches : 61 cm (24 ins) minimum..
FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.
SEVERE FAULTS :
- Lacking physical condition and fitness.
- Head light or heavily wrinkled.
- Pendulous flews.
- Pronounced dewlap.
- Large and/or low set ears.
- Light eyes or staring expression.
- Weak pigmentation, particularly of nose.
- Barrelled ribs.
- Tightly curled tail over hips.
- Over angulated or straight hindquarters.
- Heavy constrained movement.
- Under minimum height, tolerance 2 cm.
ELIMINATING FAULTS :
- Aggressive or overly shy.
- Undershot or overshot mouth.
- All other colours than above mentioned e.g. white, cream, grey, brown (liver), lilac, brindle, particolours.
Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.
N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normal testicles fully descended into the scrotum.
Automatic translate from inseparabile.com
THE HISTORY - Feature
gives: Uli Gelbrich - Tibetanische Hunde
E' assessed that gi in the 7 century
a.C. the Assyrians used this dog for the hunting and the combat. The
satrapo of Babylon it would have exempted from great taxes four citt
of the plain of the Euphrates in exchange of the obligation to
maintain this large dumb one of Indian dogs.
To leave from the 7 century a.C. their
territory of takeover comprised the Assyria, Babylon and the ancient
Persia. The Greeks and the Roman did not raise them but they knew
them: many reports described "like dogs from combat and guard of
Serious (the Tibetani) of great force and ferocity to them".
Aristotle, the master of Alexander Magno, in its witnesses of
natural sciences describes the Mastiff Tibetano as Indian dog and
supposed that these dogs were fruit of the crossing of one bitch and
one tiger.
The ancient devout news comes from
Chinese sources; in the 1121 a.C. the people of the Liu, resident to
the West of China, made gift of a large tibetano dog Chinese emperor
Wou-wang. In China these dogs came call Ngao to you and train to you
to hunt also men.
The tibetana denomination "Do-Khyi",
cio dog to tie, explains as this dog from mountain came employed
guard and protection of stretches, of the takeovers and the crudes
oil. The animals came legacies to the chain to the entrance, held in
heavy cages in front of the held houses or in libert.
The arrival of strangers was announced
with a latrato fort to great distance; the free dogs did not leave
to approach disowned beyond 100-200 meters from the encampment. Of I
do not shave of sbranavano night some imprudent and inopportune
visitor. Only after that the inhabitants had removed the dogs, a
stranger could approach itself. The imposing aspect came
strengthened from a collar of hair of Yak dyed of red. They came
also used like beasts of burden for percorribili, difficultly not
accessible passages to the Yak or the asses.
All the visitors of Tibet emphasize
aggressivit and the disposition to bite of these animals; in Europe
cos created the image of one imposing beast of Tibet. Also the
affirmation of Hedin, second which the to Lhasa and in others citt
dogs ate the bodies of the made dead men to pieces, has strengthened
this image (for the Buddhists normal and honorable to be it eats to
you from animals after the dead women).
For how much it concerns the largeness
and the expression of the snout, there still an image based on
exaggerated descriptions and designs of XIX the century. Dahler
cites accustoms it them practical of castration of the dogs
shepherds before devout the sexual maturation and the high stature
that achieves some. This would explain the existence of particularly
large males which companions and guards of the crudes oil. A height
of shoulders of 120 cm described in storys of not imaginable travel
and i 90 cm even mentions to you from Silber could only be based on
descriptions; in the mastiff male the maximum height of the garrese
of approximately 85 cm. Us sminuisce the image of the Mastiff
Tibetano but it does not remove the reputation of brutal dog.
Today the Mastiff Tibetano, after the
continuous contact with the man, has developed its need of company;
sopporta of living isolated and hermit. Pu to totally develop the
emergency of s if it has the possibilit to watch a garden or one
propriet; although an appearing indifference watches with
affidabilit every minimum movement and protegge the territory from
disowned persons that they do not succeed devout to go away
unnoticed. In the comparisons of the strangers malfidente and
hostile, forehead to sconsiderate actions pu to become dangerous.
With the children reliable patient and.
HEALTH
The Tibetan Mastiff a peasant dog much but also
adaptable one, pu living all its life outside in garden and little
times you will see it to enter in the cuccia that you will have
constructed with love and hard work to it, but adapted calmly also
to the life from appartemnto and they do not give to meraviglarsi if
adager of forehead to the ignited fireplace.
It is not become ill easy, much sturdy one, but as
all the molossi suffer from other pathologies: to control with a
x-ray the dysplasia of the hip even if the parents well of minimal
ET advised 10 /12 months is free (, while that ufficale goes made
after the 18 months of ET); entropion and the ectropion they are
malformations of the eyelids that can be visible gi to little months
of ET.
Problem instead typical of the Tibetan Mastiff,
especially of subjects directly imports from the East not
subordinates to you to selection, could be the Tiroide: they suffer
is of Hypothyroidism that of Hyperthyroidism, to control therefore
that the greater part of their relatives of is free, but above all
parents and grandfathers; this not d a guarantee of absence of the
problem to yours cucciolo poich not only ereditabile, but of it it
reduces sure the risk
TOELETTATURA
The Tibetan Mastiff has a hair much similar one to
that one of the Nordic dogs, and like theirs not rilascia bad odore;
it does not have therefore need of frequent baths, but attention,
washes it to you every qualvolta of it has need; beautiful to have
in house a clean dog and you will be devout contents when you will
caress it.
To wash a Tibetan Mastiff (and to dry it) much
impegnativo, therefore advisable to leave to make it to a
toelettatore professional whom user the devout products adapted and
the asciugher the perfection. It would be better to face the first
one bagnetto in young ET (also to 2 or 3 months) cos that it can be
accustomed to such practice before catching up 50 chili of weight!
It would have to be cure of the owner to at least
once brush just the dog to the week, and in period of dumb also
every day so as to to eliminate all the dead hair; you do not scare
yourselves if of blow you sembrer of having 20 chili of dog in less,
it were alone hair and ricrescer before that lathes the "great
cold".
CHARACTER
The standard says that the Tibetan "mistrustful
and protecting" Mastiff. In order to understand the personalit of
the race, necessary to watch its history and to appreciate like this
used dog for centuries in Tibet. The modern life pu not to be
absolutely to be compared with the life in Tibet, not even to the
days ours.
In any case, the instinct pu to be cancelled with
little generations and this fact does not have to be taken in
consideration.
However, with an sensitive training and a
comprehensive owner, the Tibetan Mastiff pu to become a wonderful
companion of life, but the dedication of the owner to this
absolutely necessary dog. E' a dog much adaptable one, but has need
of the human guide in order to help it to comprise our style of life
and to abandon that one of its ancestors; this however a problem in
great part resolved in the case in which the cucciolo that to make
part of your family European "progenie gi from devout generations
came from one".
The Tibetan Mastiff a dog from guard, for which it
has a innato instinct. In the regions of the Himalayas today still
used for this job.
The instinct of guard of the high race, and must
be held under control.
Many owners of Tibetan Mastiff have noticed how
much their dogs love the children (also not pertaining to the
family); this perch their ancestors came leave you in the houses to
control mogli and children when the husbands were to many miles of
distance to work lands. Today, in one domestic situation, the
Tibetan Mastiff a extremely tolerant dog and patient, especially
with the children. In any case, like in every race, the supermink of
an essential adult. In house he to choose a calm angle where pu to
control all us that it happens around to he. With its owner, the
Tibetan Mastiff, forms a tie much fort and easy to consider the dog
an other member of the family. In a familiar context this race has
all the opportunit to develop its total personalit and to show its
affection. This race has need of company and it does not have to be
allowed to be bored. The instinct of the hunting not strongly in the
Tibetan Mastiff, cos not amusing for he to run and to capture
animals, but prefers to be to house with the persons, animals and
things that it are familiar, all us that pu protect.
Obvious E' that in the mistaken hands the Tibetan
Mastiff pu dangerous being is with the human beings that with other
animals; therefore necessary, like in List of dog breeds of large ransom,
that it has grown in correct way.
CURIOSITA'
The female of the Tibetan Mastiff usually has a
single heat to the year and in autumn; the puppys therefore are
ready to know their new families single in spring.
In a numerous group of this race generally the
female to having the control; the males calmly cohabit between they
without problems, however advisable to divide them in the period of
the heats.
This race chip ax calmly the cohabitation with
other animals, of whichever kind; but the case to make the
presentations with the due caution.
STANDARD
GENERAL ASPECT:
Powerful, strong, very constructed, equipped of good
skeleton.
Imposing, solemn but of kind appearance.
CHARACTERISTICS:
Good companion, dog from guard
and defense, slow to mature only catch up the best of s to 2 - 3
years for the females and at least 4 years for the males.
TEMPERAMENT:
Mistrustful and protecting.
HEAD And
SKULL:
Enough wide, strong and sturdy. Occipite massive
skull with and stop strongly defined. The length of the skull from
the occipite ones to stop the equivalent to that one of the snout
from the stop to the estremit of the tartufo, but the nasal cane pu
also to be hardly devout short.
Enough wide, beautiful observed
full load and squared snout from every side. Large Tartufo, very
pigmented and narici very opened. Labbra very developed moderately
hanging.
Some corrugamento in the head, in mature ET, extends
gives over the eyes end under the angle of the mouth.
EYES:
Many expressing to you, of medium
dimension, some brown shading. Very it distances to you, ovals and
leggermente inlinati.
ORECCHIE:
Of medium
largeness, triangular, hanging, low, falling back in ahead and
supported capacities to the head. Risen when in attention. Covered
with soft and short hair.
SET OF TEETH:
Closing
to scissor. Strongly jaw with perfect, regular set of teeth and
completes. I recorded to you advanced they cover the inferiors to
tightened contact and are places to you in square to the jaws.
Accepted closing to tenaglia. Essential that the dentizione joins
watertight in order to maintain the shape squared of the snout.
NECK:
, strongly muscoloso, arch. Not excessive
Giogaia. Wrapped from one driven in criniera irsuta.
FRONT:
Very disposed, muscolose shoulders, with
strong skeleton. Straight legs with strong pasterns and a po'
oblique; very covered from driven in hair.
BODY:
Strongly, with straight and muscolosa back, nearly
imperceptible rump. Rather deep thorax than moderated width, with
ribs reasonably folded to giving to the thoracic case a shape to
heart. The sterno it comes down under the elbows. The length of the
leggermente advanced body to the height of the garrese.
POSTERIOR:
Powerful, muscolosi, with good very
slanted angles-shot and grasselle, garretti solid and very
reductions. Posterior, approvals give GO BACK TO LIST, parallels. The removal
of the spurs (single or double) optional.
FEET:
Enough large, strong and compact. Feet from cat very
supplies of hair between the fingers.
TAIL:
Of
medium length, it does not exceed the garretto. Attacked high on the
line of the back. Goffered on the back on one side. Very supplied of
hair.
SAILING POINT And MOVEMENT:
Powerful,
always light and elastic. In velocit it stretches to approach the
limbs the median plan (single-track). When it walks appears slow and
much cautious one.
HAIR:
In the remarkablly
devout male present who in the female. The qualit of better
importance of the quantit. Mainly enough along, folto, with driven
in sottopelo in the cold season that dirada in the warm devout
months. Hair fine but hard, straight and separated. Never light,
curly or undulated. Driven in sottopelo, when present, the rather
lanoso one. Neck and shoulders have abundant hair giving a criniera
appearance. Tail folta, densely covered; thighs very covered in
every they part.
COLORS:
Black intense, black
focato, brown, several shadings of the gold, several shadings of
gray, also gray with golden spots. The focatura goes from one devout
shading clearly much intense one to a color. E' admitted the star
white woman on the chest; picole parts are accepted white women in
legs. The focature appear over the eyes, in the inner part of the
limbs and to the estremit of the tail.
in the photos:
a black one focato (black and tan)"Shang-Hai' s Yankee Doodle" and
red gold "a Samantabhadra' s Namgyal Senge". By:Franzo-Belletti
Photo
RANSOM:
Males minimal 66 cm, females 61 cm.
DEFECTS:
Whichever scostamento how much previously said must be
considered like defect that sar penalized in function of its gravit.
The males must apparently have two testicoli normal reductions from
the scroto.
ORIGINS:
Mountains of the Himalayas
of the east, Bhutan, Sikkim and Tibet.
we thank the sig. Loaded Francisco in order to
have collaborated to the realization of this card with witnesses and
photo of its beautifulst subjects
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