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GREAT DANE

(Deutsche Dogge)

 

The dogs of the photos are Breeding Amatoriale Alani "of house Uma"

FCI-Standard N° 235 /  09. 08. 2002  / GB


TRANSLATION : Mrs. C. Seidler, revised by Mrs R. Sporre-Willes and E. Peper.

ORIGIN : Germany.

DATE OF PUBLICATION OF THE ORIGINAL VALID STANDARD : 13.03.2001.

UTILIZATION : Companion, watch- and guard dog.

CLASSIFICATION F.C.I. :            Group     2          Pinscher and Schnauzer –
                                                                Molossoid breeds – Swiss
                                                                Mountain and Cattle Dogs
                                                                and other breeds.
                                             Section 2.1   Molossoid breeds, Mastiff
                                                                type.
                                             Without working trial.

BRIEF HISTORICAL SUMMARY : As forerunners of the present day Great Dane, one must look at the old “Bullenbeisser” (Bulldog) as well as the « Hatz-and Saurüden » (Hunting and wild boar hounds), which were midway between the strong Mastiff of English type and the fast, handy Greyhound.  The term Dogge was at first understood to mean a large, powerful dog, not of any particular breed.  Later, particular names such as Ulmer Dogge , English Dogge, Great Dane, Hatzrüde (Hunting Dog), Saupacker (boarfinder) and Grosse Dogge (Great Dogge), classified these dogs according to colour and size.
In the year 1878 a Committee of seven was formed in Berlin, consisting of active breeders and judges with Dr. Bodinus in the chair, which made the decision to classify all the forenamed varieties as « Deutsche Doggen » (Great Danes).  Thus the foundation was laid for the breeding of a separate German breed.
In the year 1880, on the occasion of a show in Berlin, the first standard for the Deutsche Dogge was laid down. This standard has been taken care of since the year 1888 by the “Deutsche Doggen Club 1888 e.V.” (German Doggen Club, registered Club 1888) and frequently been revised over the years. The present Standard meets the requirements of the F.C.I.

GENERAL APPEARANCE : The Great Dane in his noble appearance combines a large, powerful well constructed body with pride, strength and elegance.  By substance together with nobility, harmonious appearance, well proportioned outlines, as well as a specially expressive head, the Great Dane strikes the onlooker as a noble statue.  He is the Appolo amongst all breeds.

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IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS : Almost square in build, this applies particularly to males. The length of the body (point of sternum to point of buttocks) should not exceed height at withers in dogs by more than 5%, in bitches by more than 10%.

BEHAVIOUR / TEMPERAMENT : Friendly, loving and devoted to his owners, specially to the children.  Reserved towards strangers.  Required is a confident, fearless, easily tractable, docile companion and family dog with high resistance to provocation and without aggression.

HEAD

CRANIAL REGION :
Skull : In harmony with the general appearance.  Long, narrow, distinct, full of expression. Finely chiselled, specially under the eyes.  Superciliary ridges well developed but not protruding.  The distance from tip of nose to stop and from stop to the lightly defined occipital bone should be as equal as possible.  The upper lines of muzzle and skull should run parallel.  The head must appear narrow  seen from the front with bridge of nose as broad as possible.  Cheek muscles only slightly defined and in no way protruding.
Stop : Clearly defined.

FACIAL REGION :
Nose : Well developeded, rather broad than round with large nostrils.  Must be black with the exception of harlequins (white with black patches).  In these a black nose is desired but a butterfly nose (black with pink patches) or flesh coloured nose is tolerated. In blue dogs the colour of the nose is anthracite (diluted black).
Muzzle : Deep and as rectangular as possible.  Well defined corners of lips.  Dark pigmented lips.  In harlequins not totally pigmented or flesh coloured lips are tolerated.
Jaws/Teeth : Well developed broad jaws.  Strong sound and complete scissor bite (42 teeth according to the dentition formula).
Eyes : Of medium size with lively friendly intelligent expression. As dark as possible, almond shaped with close fitting lids.  In blue dogs slightly lighter eyes are tolerated. In harlequins light eyes or two differently coloured eyes are to be tolerated. 
Ears : Naturally pendant, set on high, of medium size, front edges lying close to cheeks.

NECK : Long, clean, muscular.  Well formed set on, tapering slightly towards the head, with arched neckline.  Carried upright but inclined slightly forward.

BODY :
Withers : The highest point of the strong body.  It is formed by the points of the shoulder blades which extend beyond the spinal processes.
Back : Short and firm, in almost straight line falling away imperceptibly to the rear.
Loins :  Slightly arched, broad, strongly muscled.
Croup : Broad, well muscled.  Sloping slightly from hipbone to tail set, imperceptibly merging into the tailset.
Chest : Reaching to the elbows.  Well sprung ribs,  reaching far back.  Chest of good width with marked forechest.
Underline and belly : Belly well tucked up towards rear, forming a  nicely curved line with the underside of the brisket.

TAIL : Reaching to the hocks.  Set on high and broad, tapering evenly towards tip.  In repose hanging down with natural curve.  When dog is alert or moving, carried slightly sabre-like but not markedly above the backline.  Bristle hair on tail undesirable.

 

 

LIMBS

FOREQUARTERS :
Shoulders : Strongly muscled.  The long, slanting shoulder blade forms an angle of 100 to 110 degrees with the upper arm.
Upper arm : Strong and muscular, close fitting, should be slightly longer than the shoulder blade.
Elbows : Turned neither in nor out.
Forearm : Strong, muscular.  Seen from front and side, completely straight.
Carpus  : Strong, firm, only slightly standing out from the structure of the forearm.
Pastern : Strong, straight when seen from the front, seen from the side, barely slanting forwards.
Front feet : Rounded, well arched, well-knit toes (cat feet).  Nails short, strong and as dark as possible.

HINDQUARTERS : The whole skeleton is covered by strong muscles which make the croup, hips and upper thighs appear broad and rounded.  The strong well angulated hind legs, seen from GO BACK TO LIST, are set parallel to the front legs.
Upper thigh : Long, broad, very muscular.
Stifles : Strong, positioned almost  vertically under the hip joint.
Lower thigh : Long, of approximately the same length as the upper thigh.  Well muscled.
Hocks : Strong, firm, turning neither in nor out.
Metatarsus : Short, strong, standing almost vertical to the ground.
Hind feet : Rounded, well arched, well-knit (cat feet).  Nails short, strong and as dark as possible.

GAIT / MOVEMENT : Harmonious, lithe, ground covering, slightly springy.  Legs must be parallel in movement coming and going.

SKIN : Tight fitting.  In solid colours, well pigmented.  In harlequins, the distribution of pigment mainly corresponds to the markings.

 

 

COAT

HAIR : Very short, dense, smooth and close lying, glossy.

COLOUR : The Great Dane is bred  in three separate colour varieties: Fawn and brindle,  harlequin  and black, and blue.

  • Fawn : Light gold fawn to deep gold fawn.  Black mask desired.  Small white marks on chest and toes undesirable.
  • Brindle : Basic colours, light to deep gold fawn with black stripes as regular and clearly defined as possible, running with the direction of the ribs.  Black mask desired.  Small white markings on chest and toes are undesirable.  
  • Harlequin (white with black splashed patches) : Basic colour pure white, preferably with no ticking.  Pure black patches well distributed all over the body, having the appearance of being torn.  Grey or brownish patches undesirable
  • Black : Jet black, white markings permitted.  Included here are « Manteltiger » in which the black covers the body like a coat (“mantel”) or blanket and  muzzle, throat, chest, belly, legs and tip of tail may be white. Also dogs with basic white colour and large black patches so called “Plattenhunde”.
  • Blue : Pure steel blue, white markings on chest and feet permitted.

HEIGHT :
Height at withers : Dogs           at least 80 cm,
                            Bitches        at least 72 cm.
                                  
FAULTS : Any departure from the foregoing points should be considered a fault and the seriousness with which the fault should be regarded should be in exact proportion to its degree.

  • General appearance : Lack of male or female characteristics, lack of balance, too light, too coarse in built.
  • Temperament : Lacking self-confidence, nervous, easily provoked.
  • Head : Lines of head not parallel, apple head, wedge shaped head, too little stop; too prominent cheek muscles.
  • Muzzle : Pointed, lacking flews, lips too pendulous.  Bridge of nose concave (dish shaped), convex (roman nose), falling away in front part (eagle nose).
  • Jaws/Teeth : Any deviation from a complete set of teeth (only the missing of both PM1 in the lower jaw may be tolerated).  Irregular position of individual incisors as long as the bite remains otherwise correct), teeth too small. 
  • Eyes : Slack lids, haw too red.  Light, piercing, amber coloured eyes.  Wall eyes or differently coloured eyes in all solid coat colours.  Eyes too wide apart or slit eyes.  Eyes protruding or too deeply set.
  • Ears : Set on too high or too low.  Standing off from the sides of the head or flat lying.
  • Neck : Short thick neck, ewe neck, throatiness or excess of dewlap.
  • Back : Sway back, roach back.  Too long in back.  Topline rising towards rear.
  • Croup : Falling away steeply or completely flat.
  • Tail : Too thick, too long or too short, set on too low or too highly carried above the back line.  Hook tail or curled tail as well as tail carried sideways.  Tail which is damaged, thickened at the tip or has been docked.
  • Ribcage : Flat or barrel-shaped ribs.  Lack of width or depth of chest.  Too strongly protruding breastbone.
  • Lower line : Belly line not sufficiently tucked up.  Teats not sufficiently retracted.
  • Forelegs : Insufficient angulation.  Light bone, weak muscles.  Stance not vertical.
  • Shoulders : Loose or loaded.  Upright shoulder blade.
  • Elbows : Loose, turning in or out.
  • Forearm : Bent, enlarged above pastern.
  • Pastern : Enlarged, markedly weak or knuckling over.
  • Metacarpus : Too sloping or too upright.
  • Hindquarters : Too much or too little angulation.  Cow hocked,  close together or open hocked when standing.
  • Hocks : Exaggerated large or unstable.
  • Feet : Flat, splayed, long. Dewclaws.
  • Gait/Movement : Covering too little ground, lack of freedom in action.  Frequent or constant pacing.  Lack of co-ordination between front and hind movement.
  • Coat : Double coat (coarse, short coat), dull coat.
  • Colour :
  • In fawn : Grey fawn, blue fawn, isabella (cream) or sooty fawn

  colour.

  • In brindles : Basic colour silver blue or isabella.  Washed-out

  streaks. 

  • In harlequins : Blue-grey ticked basic colour. 

  Large  fawn-grey or blue-grey parts in the patches.
     - In blacks : Fawn, brown or blue-black colour.
     - In blues: Fawn or black-blue colour.

SERIOUS FAULTS :

  • Temperament : Shyness.
  • Jaws/Teeth : Pincer bite.
  • Eyes : Ectropion, entropion.
  • Tail : Kinky tail.

ELIMINATING FAULTS :

  • Temperament : Aggressiveness, fear-biting.
  • Nose : Liver coloured;  split nose.
  • Jaws/Teeth : Overshot, undershot, wry mouth.
  • Colour : Fawn or brindle dogs with white blaze, white collar, white feet or socks and white tip of tail.

  Blue dogs with white blaze, white collar, white feet or socks or white tip of tail.
  Harlequin dogs : White without any black (albinos), deaf.  So called  Porcelain tigers (dogs that show predominantly blue, grey, fawn or brindle patches), so called “Grautiger” (dogs that have a basic grey colour with black patches).

  • Height : Below minimum height.

Any dog clearly showing physical or behavioural abnormalities shall be disqualified.

 

N.B. : Male animals should have two apparently normally developed testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

 

 

 

     1  Nose                   12 Back and Loin         23 Forearm
     2  Nasal-bridge        13 Croup                      24 Carpal joint
     3  Lips                     14 Pelvis                      25 Pastern
     4  Stop                    15 Set on of the tail       26 Toes
     5  Cheeks                16 Tail                         27 Penis
     6  Skull                    17 Forechest                28 Upper thigh
     7  Throat                 18 Ribcage                   29 Patella
     8  Ears                    19 Breastbone              30 Lower thigh
     9  Neck                   20 Shoulder blade         31 Point of the hock
   10  Nape                   21 Upper arm               32 Hock
   11 Withers                22 Elbow                      33 Rear Pastern

 

Automatic translate from inseparabile.com

STANDARD

Standard the ICF in vigor from the 02/04/01

Hung of origin: Germany

Use: Dog of accompanyment, from guard and protection

Classification: Group II - Dogs of type Swiss Pinscher and Schnauzer, Mollossoidi, dogs from mountain and bovari - Section 2a (Mollossoidi mastiff type) - nn 65a (Fulvo); 65b (Tigrato); 66c (Black); 66d (Harlequin); 67e (Blue). Not subordinates to job tests.

Short historical signals: The directed ancestors of put into effect them German Alan are the ancient ' Bullenbeisser' and the great males employ in the hunting from continuation and in particular the wild boar, dogs of structure and powerful intermediate conformation to you between mastiff of English type and an agile and light levriero. Under the Dogge denomination (Alan) agreed initially a great powerful dog that did not have obligatorily to belong to one determined race. Later on the denominations ' molosso of Ulm', ' molosso inglese', ' Hatzrude' (great male for the hunting from continuation), ' Saupaker' (acchiappascrofe or dog from wild boar) and ' large molosso' have designated different types of dog that they were distinguished for the color of the cape and the ransom. In 1878 to Berlin, a committee composed from 7 breeders, under the presidency of the dr. Bodinus, the decision taken to group all aforesaid variet under the name of Deutsche Dogge (German Alan). In this way new race of German origin was put the first stone for the breeding of one. In 1880, in occasion of an exposure to Berlin, the first standard of German Alan was written up. To leave from 1888, the race was entrusted to the ' Deutscher Doggen Club 1988 e.V.' that, in the course of the years, it has modified the standard in devout resumptions. Contained shape and puts into effect them corresponds to the model proposed from the ICF.

General aspect: In its general aspect, German Alan joins fierezza, force and elegance in with full load of nobilt. Large, powerful E' and of harmonious construction. Alan, thanks to the size joined to the distinction, to the harmony of the aspect, the proportion of the shapes, d to R-he who contemplates the impression to find of forehead to one full statue to it of nobilt. E' the Apollo of the breeds canine.

Fundamental proportions: The log, especially that one of the males, is registered in the square. The length of the log (measured from the tip of the shoulder to the tip of the ischio) does not have to exceed in the males 5% of the Height and in the females 10%. The demanded minimal height to garrese 80 cm for i males and 72 cm for the females.

BEHAVIOR And CHARACTER: Alan endowed of one bont instinctive, affectionate and attacked its masters, especially to the children, classified with the strangers. A dog from accompanyment must itself be searched, adapted to living in family, without fears and sure of s, receptive in the learning, lacking in aggressivit and equipped of threshold of high reaction.

 
in the Dagoth photo of Micianera

Head: Harmonically proporzionata in the entirety, lengthened, grip, with clean profiles, much expressive one, delicately cesellata (above all in the region sottorbita them); the sopracciliari arched ones very are developed without however being salienti. The distance from the estremit of the tartufo to the stop, than clearly pronounced, must correspond how much devout possible one to the distance between stop and the crest occipita them; this last little pronounced one. The advanced lines of the skull and the snout must be parallels. Of forehead the head must appear grip, the snout must be devout wide possible and the muscles of cheeks (messeteri) only leggermente points out to you, never in a marked manner in relief.

Tartufo: Very developed, devout wide that tondeggiante, with very open narici, it must be black, with the exception of the alani arlecchini, for which the tartufo black searched, but admitted the tartufo partially depigmentato (ladre) or of color carnicino.

Snout: Deep and devout rectangular possible. Very visible labiale Commensura. Labbra pigmented of black. In the arlecchini they are admitted labbra partially or completely depigmentate.

Mascelle-Denti: Jaws very developed, wide. Sturdy set of teeth, second heals and completes with closing to scissor (42 teeth the dental formula).

Eyes: Of largeness medium, round, devout dark possible, with expression alive and intelligent. In the blue alani the devout eyes are admitted po' a luminosity. In the alani arlecchini the clear eyes or of various color are admitted (gazzuoli). The eyelids perfectly follow the shape of the ocular globe.

Orecchie: attacked high, naturally falling back, of medium largeness, with adherent front margin to the cheek.

Neck: Along, dry ground, muscoloso. Very developed to the base, it is lost weight leggermente towards the head; its profile very arch in the region of the nape. Carried high, leggermente tilted in ahead.

 

Body:

Garrese: the elevated point devout of the powerful log. E' constituted from the advanced margin of the bachelor that exceed the spiny apophyses of the vertebre.

Advanced line: Short and very stiff, nearly rectilinear back, leggermente tilted towards the posterior one. Kidney leggermente rounded off, wide and with strong musculature.

Rump: Wide, very muscolata, leggermente tilted from the sacred one to the root of the tail, is melted without interruptions in the junction of the tail.

Tail: It catches up the garretto. Attacked high and wide, it is lost weight progressively to the estremit; in rest it hangs naturally in extended position; in motion or when the excited dog incurva leggermente to sabre, but without to surpass considerably the line of the back. The tail with long hairs on the not searched inferior face.

Thorax: Come down until level of the elbows. Coasts very you try tilted towards the posterior one. Thoracic cage of goodwidth, with pronounced chest.

Inferior line: Ventre very retratto, to form a aggraziata line that prolongeds in the inferior line of the thorax.

 

Front:

Shoulder: Equipped of powerful musculature. Long and oblique bachelor, to form with the arm an included angle between the 100 and the 110.

Arm: Sturdy and muscoloso, very adherent to the thorax; it must be a po' devout along of the bachelor.

Elbows: N revolts to the outside, n to the inside.

Forearm: Sturdy, muscoloso, perfectly in perpendicularly it is of forehead is of profile.

Carpo: Sturdy, solid, it is continued harmonically with the forearm.

Metacarpo: Sturdy, in perpendicularly seen of forehead, approval of profile only leggermente tilted in ahead.

Front feet: Round, with fingers strongly arch and very sluices (foot from cat); nails short, resistant, devout dark possible.

 

Posterior: the entire skeleton of the posterior one covered from the powerful muscles that render the rump, also and wide and rounded off thighs. Approvals give GO BACK TO LIST posterior, the sturdy ones and equip you of good angles-shot are parallels to the front ones.

Thigh: Long, wide, much muscolosa.

Grassella (ginocchio): Solid, place to the incirca on the vertical one of the hip.

Leg: Long, devout or less of the same length of the thigh, very muscolata.

Garretto: Solid, sturdy, n turned to the outside, n to the inside.

Metatarso: , sturdy, pressoch short perpendicular to the ground.

Posterior feet: Round, fingers decidedly arch and very sluices (fingers from cat); nails short, resistant, devout dark possible.

 

Sailing point: Harmonious, soft, with good I lengthen, leggermente elastic; the limbs seen from or give GO BACK TO LIST, move in parallel with the median plan of the body.

 

SKIN: Very adherent and very stiff, in the subjects unicolore very pigmented. In arlecchini the division of the pigment it corresponds essentially to the division of the spots.

CAPE:

Nature of the hair: Shortest and driven in, smooth, lucente and very adherent to the body.

Color of the hair: Alan raised in three variet of distinguished colors: fulvo and tigrato; black Harlequin and; blue.

Alan fulvo: Cape from the yellow gold clearly to the yellow intense gold; the searched black mask; small spots white women to the chest and the feet are undesired.

Tigrato Alan: Color of the bottom from the yellow gold clearly to the yellow intense gold with regular striature black devout possible and clearly designed, that they follow the direction of the ribs; the searched black mask; small spots white women to the chest and the feet are undesirable.

Alan Harlequin: (white man screziato of black, called a time tiger): Color of the deep pure white man, how much devout possible lacking in the minimal moschettatura, with spots black varnish from the contour torn of several dimensions and very shared on all the surface of the body. Partially grey spots or brunastre are undesired.

Black Alan: black varnish, is admitted spots white women. They make part of this variet the alani mantel-tiger, in which the black one covers the log like a cape, while the snout, the neck, the chest, ventre and the estremit of the tail can be white men, cos like the alani platten in which the cape white man with great black spots.

Blue Alan: blue cape pure steel; spots are admitted white women to the chest and the feet.

** the Color is outside not previewed from the standard**

Defects: all us that how much previously said goes away must be considered like defect, than sar penalized the gravit second.

In particular:

  • sexual characters too much little pronounce (absence to you of sexual dimorfismo);
  • lack of harmonies of the shapes;
  • light or too much too much rough subjects;
  • behavior or character: lack of emergency, nervousness, threshold of low excitation;
  • head: aces skull-facciali not parallels; convex skull (apple skull); convergent axio-facciali lines (cuneiform skull); stop too much little pronounced; musculature of cheeks (messeteri) too much developed;
  • appuntito snout;
  • labbra too much little developed, or devout pendants low of the inferior jaw (labbra fluctuating);
  • concave, convex nasal cane (montonina) or descendant towards ahead (the aquiline nose);
  • mascelle/denti: whichever diversit from a complete set of teeth (only admits the lack of the P1 - 1 premolar - in the inferior jaw); irregular position of I recorded to you isolates to you, even if they do not compromise the normal closing of the jaw; too much small teeth; closing to tenaglia;
  • eyes: not adherent eyelids to the ocular globe; too much red ocular congiuntiva; clear eyes, expression truce, of yellow color amber (from rapace); blue eyes slavato, eyes you go (in all the unicolori dogs); too much round eyes or of thin cut;
  • orecchie: attacked too much high or too much low, not adherent or flattened against cheeks;
  • neck: short, stocky neck, neck said from red deer; skin the neck too much lassa, giogaia;
  • dorsal line: back insellato, back of carpa, too much along, line of the rimontante back towards posterior (the high rump devout of the garrese);
  • rump: horizontal rump or too much lowered;
  • tail: tail too much rough, too much long or too much short, attacked too much low or capacity too much high R-oltre.la.linea of the back; tail to uncino, rolled up or had laterally; tail deturpata from traumatismo, ingrossata to its estremit or amputated;
  • thorax: flat coasts or too much you try (thorax to botte), width or profondit of the insufficient thorax; sterno too much sporgente (chest of pollo);
  • inferior line: ventre too much little retratto, mammelle too much obvious;
  • front: insufficient angles-shot; too much light skeleton, little developed musculature; front not in perpendicularly in station;
  • shoulder: badly inserted shoulder, too much coricata; too much straight bachelor;
  • elbow: insufficient solidit of the elbow, which had to the outside or the inside;
  • forearm: incurvato (not in perpendicularly), increased of volume in correspondence of the carpo;
  • carpo: edematoso (increased of volume), too much tilted or too much dirittto on the nodello;
  • metacarpo: flesso or too much too much vertical;
  • posterior: angles-shot too much sluices or too much opened (obtuse); garretti sluices, vaccinismo or cagnolismo;
  • garretti: edemato (it increases you of volume), little solid;
  • feet: plates, open or too much long fingers;
  • sailing point: short step, rigid sailing point, frequent or continued Ambio, lack of coordination between the action of the front one and the posterior one;
  • mantello/natura of the hair: double hair, opaque hair;
  • color of the hair: Alan fulvo: grayish, yellow yellow cape brunastro, color isabella or dirty yellow; tigrato Alan: color of the blue bottom silver, slavate tigrature; Alan Harlequin: punctuated bottom of blue gray, blue spots in great part of yellowish color or gray; black Alan: black with yellow, tawny or blue glares; blue Alan: color blue yellowish or blue nerastro.

 

Serious defects:

Behavior or character: shyness.

Mascelle/denti: prognatismo, enognatismo, lateral shunting line of the jaw.

Eyes: entropion, ectropion.

Tail: broken tail.

 

Eliminatori defects:

Behavior and character: aggressivit, mordacit for fear.

Tartufo: tartufo entire depigmentato, narici separated from a deep one I furrow.

Color of the hair: alani fulvi and tigrati with list white woman, collar white man, feet white men, jump of it (stockings white women) and estremit of the tail white women; blue alani with list white woman, collar white man, stockings white women and estremit of the tail white women; alani arlecchini: subject white men without traces of black (albinos), soggeti sordi, alani from the said cape ' porcellanato', in which predominate the blue, grey spots, fulve or also tigrate; alani arlecchini sayings ' merle' to black spots on bottom gray.

Size: under the minimum prescribed from the standard (you see paragraph ' proportions fondamentali').

Famous: The males must have two testicoli of normal aspect reductions in the scroto.